Position grapevines in full sun, preferably protected from strong winds. Distance between vine stocks: 0.8 - 5 metres.

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The grapevine is a stem-tendril climbing plant that grows upward with vigorous overhanging (cascading) growth-- new shoots may grow 1 - 4 metres every year. It is usually cultivated as a shaped shrub with a growth height of 10 metres or more, depending on the pruning technique. Heart/lobe-shaped leaves. Foliage lasts from April/May to October. The flower is paniculate and relatively inconspicuous. Fruit (grapes) are green, yellow, red, or blue to blue-black with different berry and cluster sizes, depending on the variety. The stock is built up over several years (grapevine training). Pruning in winter is essential, and additional summer pruning may be necessary. While grapevine is quite susceptible to fungal diseases, newer varieties are more resistant than historical ones. For purely ornamental purposes, there are grape-free grapevines.

The grapevine can be trellised on a stake, rod, stainless steel cable system, or on a wooden trellis. For suitable wire rope system designs, see below. We recommend a trellis in our medium range, but for larger/higher areas and fungus-sensitive, historical varieties-- choose a trellis in the heavy  / massive gauge (they have increased wall distance). In exceptional cases, lighter systems, like our easy kits - basic and basic-s - or our light kits may suffice. Important for wall espaliers: the main shoots of the vines (i.e. the branches), which become thicker, should be tied to the front of the trellis; fruit-bearing annual shoots, which will be cut off later in winter, can be tucked behind the trellis.